{
 "api_version": "v1",
 "data": {
  "naics": "441110",
  "label": "New Car Dealers",
  "scope": "United States",
  "operators": 20650,
  "employees": 1098816,
  "pay_per_employee_usd": 79835,
  "made_of": {
   "occupation": "Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics",
   "share_pct": 20.27,
   "concentration_vs_economy": 40.4
  },
  "licence_gate": {
   "occupation": "Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics",
   "jurisdictions_licensing": 4,
   "jurisdictions_searched": 54,
   "us_jurisdictions_total": 56,
   "exam_gated_licences": 1,
   "matched_by": "soc",
   "marginal": true
  },
  "labour": {
   "defining_occupation": "Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics",
   "employed_nationally": 259640,
   "median_wage_usd": 58580
  },
  "licensed_occupations": [
   {
    "occ_title": "Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics",
    "share_pct": 20.27,
    "ratio": 40.4,
    "defining": true,
    "states": 4,
    "licences": 8,
    "matched_by": "soc"
   },
   {
    "occ_title": "Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment",
    "share_pct": 5.88,
    "ratio": 20.3,
    "defining": true,
    "states": 1,
    "licences": 1,
    "matched_by": "soc"
   },
   {
    "occ_title": "Parts Salespersons",
    "share_pct": 4.66,
    "ratio": 26.5,
    "defining": true,
    "states": 1,
    "licences": 1,
    "matched_by": "soc"
   },
   {
    "occ_title": "Sales Managers",
    "share_pct": 2.74,
    "ratio": 6.9,
    "defining": false,
    "states": 34,
    "licences": 116,
    "matched_by": "soc"
   },
   {
    "occ_title": "Retail Salespersons",
    "share_pct": 17.85,
    "ratio": 7.8,
    "defining": false,
    "states": 27,
    "licences": 63,
    "matched_by": "soc"
   },
   {
    "occ_title": "First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers",
    "share_pct": 3.1,
    "ratio": 4.7,
    "defining": false,
    "states": 9,
    "licences": 20,
    "matched_by": "soc"
   }
  ],
  "acquisition_lending": {
   "naics": "441110",
   "business_age": "acquisition",
   "loans": 423,
   "gross_usd": 451391200,
   "guaranteed_usd": 348503232,
   "median_loan_usd": 596476,
   "mean_rate_pct": 6.82,
   "mean_term_months": 146,
   "jobs_supported": 10200,
   "years": "FY2010\u2013FY2026",
   "charge_off": {
    "pct": 5.3,
    "charged_off": 13,
    "resolved": 244,
    "usd": 3056599,
    "window": "FY2010\u2013FY2020",
    "read": "5.3% of resolved SBA acquisition loans in this industry were charged off, across 244 loans that have actually reached an outcome. Cohorts from FY2021 onward are EXCLUDED from this rate: a loan approved recently has not had time to fail, and counting it would make every industry look safe."
   },
   "peer_rank": {
    "percentile": 33,
    "peers": 501,
    "rate_pct": 5.3,
    "median_pct": 6.6,
    "read": "33th percentile for charge-off rate among 501 industries with at least 50 seasoned acquisition loans. HIGHER IS WORSE here \u2014 this is the rate at which lenders lost money, not a performance score. Median across all of them is 6.6%."
   }
  },
  "cost_structure": {
   "margin_pct": null,
   "cost_basis": null,
   "receipts_usd": 1186395950000,
   "value_added_usd": null,
   "vintage": 2022,
   "read": "Margin computed by the Census Bureau as value added \u2014 receipts less the cost basis named. NULL where Census publishes no cost structure for the sector, which is most service industries; in that case use labour_share_of_receipts_pct and do NOT call it a margin."
  },
  "revenue_distribution": {
   "vintage": 2022,
   "firms": 16596,
   "labour_share_of_receipts_pct": 7.7,
   "bands": [
    {
     "band": "<100",
     "lo": 0,
     "hi": 100000,
     "firms": 262,
     "share_pct": 1.6,
     "cumulative_pct": 1.6,
     "labour_share_pct": 252.6,
     "adjusted": true
    },
    {
     "band": "100-499",
     "lo": 100000,
     "hi": 499000,
     "firms": 819,
     "share_pct": 4.9,
     "cumulative_pct": 6.5,
     "labour_share_pct": 19.2,
     "adjusted": true
    },
    {
     "band": "500-999",
     "lo": 500000,
     "hi": 999000,
     "firms": 654,
     "share_pct": 3.9,
     "cumulative_pct": 10.5,
     "labour_share_pct": 14.2,
     "adjusted": true
    },
    {
     "band": "1,000-2,499",
     "lo": 1000000,
     "hi": 2499000,
     "firms": 918,
     "share_pct": 5.5,
     "cumulative_pct": 16.0,
     "labour_share_pct": 12.3,
     "adjusted": true
    },
    {
     "band": "2,500-4,999",
     "lo": 2500000,
     "hi": 4999000,
     "firms": 773,
     "share_pct": 4.7,
     "cumulative_pct": 20.6,
     "labour_share_pct": 13.2,
     "adjusted": true
    },
    {
     "band": "5,000-7,499",
     "lo": 5000000,
     "hi": 7499000,
     "firms": 532,
     "share_pct": 3.2,
     "cumulative_pct": 23.8,
     "labour_share_pct": 10.9,
     "adjusted": true
    },
    {
     "band": "7,500-9,999",
     "lo": 7500000,
     "hi": 9999000,
     "firms": 457,
     "share_pct": 2.8,
     "cumulative_pct": 26.6,
     "labour_share_pct": 9.9,
     "adjusted": true
    },
    {
     "band": "10,000-14,999",
     "lo": 10000000,
     "hi": 14999000,
     "firms": 909,
     "share_pct": 5.5,
     "cumulative_pct": 32.1,
     "labour_share_pct": 9.5,
     "adjusted": true
    },
    {
     "band": "15,000-19,999",
     "lo": 15000000,
     "hi": 19999000,
     "firms": 864,
     "share_pct": 5.2,
     "cumulative_pct": 37.3,
     "labour_share_pct": 9.0,
     "adjusted": true
    },
    {
     "band": "20,000-24,999",
     "lo": 20000000,
     "hi": 24999000,
     "firms": 849,
     "share_pct": 5.1,
     "cumulative_pct": 42.4,
     "labour_share_pct": 8.4,
     "adjusted": true
    },
    {
     "band": "25,000-29,999",
     "lo": 25000000,
     "hi": 29999000,
     "firms": 833,
     "share_pct": 5.0,
     "cumulative_pct": 47.4,
     "labour_share_pct": 8.3,
     "adjusted": true
    },
    {
     "band": "30,000-34,999",
     "lo": 30000000,
     "hi": 34999000,
     "firms": 798,
     "share_pct": 4.8,
     "cumulative_pct": 52.2,
     "labour_share_pct": 8.3,
     "adjusted": true
    },
    {
     "band": "35,000-39,999",
     "lo": 35000000,
     "hi": 39999000,
     "firms": 694,
     "share_pct": 4.2,
     "cumulative_pct": 56.4,
     "labour_share_pct": 8.1,
     "adjusted": true
    },
    {
     "band": "40,000-49,999",
     "lo": 40000000,
     "hi": 49999000,
     "firms": 1204,
     "share_pct": 7.3,
     "cumulative_pct": 63.7,
     "labour_share_pct": 8.1,
     "adjusted": true
    },
    {
     "band": "50,000-74,999",
     "lo": 50000000,
     "hi": 74999000,
     "firms": 2197,
     "share_pct": 13.2,
     "cumulative_pct": 76.9,
     "labour_share_pct": 8.1,
     "adjusted": true
    },
    {
     "band": "75,000-99,999",
     "lo": 75000000,
     "hi": 99999000,
     "firms": 1316,
     "share_pct": 7.9,
     "cumulative_pct": 84.8,
     "labour_share_pct": 8.1,
     "adjusted": true
    },
    {
     "band": "100,000+",
     "lo": 100000000,
     "hi": null,
     "firms": 2517,
     "share_pct": 15.2,
     "cumulative_pct": 100.0,
     "labour_share_pct": 7.4,
     "adjusted": true
    }
   ],
   "read": "Firms by RECEIPT SIZE. Labour share is payroll over receipts \u2014 not gross margin, which cannot be derived because Census publishes no cost of goods. Enterprise-level: a firm is counted once at its total size, not per location."
  },
  "standing": {
   "naics4": "4411",
   "percentile": 50,
   "peers": 287,
   "years": [
    2019,
    2023
   ],
   "net_formation_pct": 0.18,
   "band": "roughly in balance",
   "calibration": {
    "rho": 0.57,
    "windows": 4,
    "separation_pp": 42.6
   },
   "read": "Among 287 industries, this one sits at the 50th percentile on net establishment formation over 2019-2023 \u2014 it is roughly in balance. That signal carries a measured rank correlation of 0.57 with the following decade's growth across 4 backtested windows, separating top and bottom deciles by 42.6 percentage points. It describes the INDUSTRY, not a business in it, and it was calibrated against establishment growth rather than returns to an operator."
  },
  "rubric_coverage": {
   "covered": 65,
   "total": 100,
   "partial": 25,
   "absent": 10,
   "rubric": "O1.0-20260804"
  },
  "dimensions": [
   {
    "code": "O1",
    "weight": 25,
    "status": "evidenced",
    "predictive": "predictive",
    "evidence": "20,650 operators employing 1,098,816 people across 1,432 counted areas",
    "source": "US Census County Business Patterns"
   },
   {
    "code": "O2",
    "weight": 15,
    "status": "partial",
    "predictive": "not backtested",
    "evidence": "$43,661,678 in federal awards to 14 distinct recipients, largest buyer Department of Transportation. That is ONE buyer \u2014 federal procurement \u2014 not the private market, so it evidences that this work is paid for at scale, not what a private customer pays.",
    "source": "USASpending.gov \u2014 US federal government work, public domain"
   },
   {
    "code": "O3",
    "weight": 15,
    "status": "evidenced",
    "predictive": "not backtested",
    "evidence": "Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics \u2014 20.27% of employment here, 40.4\u00d7 its share across the whole economy \u2014 is licensed in 4 jurisdictions, 1 of those licences exam-gated. Matched on SOC 49-3023.",
    "source": "CareerOneStop / ARC, U.S. Department of Labor"
   },
   {
    "code": "O4",
    "weight": 15,
    "status": "evidenced",
    "predictive": "not backtested",
    "evidence": "259,640 Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics employed nationally at a $58,580 median wage",
    "source": "BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2024"
   },
   {
    "code": "O5",
    "weight": 10,
    "status": "no producer",
    "predictive": "not backtested",
    "evidence": "Per-operator enforcement records exist for some jurisdictions but are not loaded against industries, only against named businesses.",
    "source": "none"
   },
   {
    "code": "O6",
    "weight": 10,
    "status": "partial",
    "predictive": "not backtested",
    "evidence": "Payroll is 7.7% of receipts industry-wide, across 16,596 firms. It falls from 252.6% in the smallest revenue band to 7.4% in the largest, which is the scale effect an operator is buying. This is LABOUR SHARE, not margin \u2014 Census publishes no cost of goods, so gross margin remains underivable and is not claimed. It is the largest single cost line in most service businesses and the first one a buyer tests against the seller's numbers.",
    "source": "US Census Statistics of U.S. Businesses 2022"
   },
   {
    "code": "O7",
    "weight": 10,
    "status": "evidenced",
    "predictive": "DESCRIPTIVE ONLY",
    "evidence": "1.21 establishments per firm in 2023 across 36,288 firms and 43,947 establishments: some multi-site operators, so a second location is a proven move here. 3,041 firms closed entirely that year, an establishment exit rate of 8.394%.",
    "source": "US Census Business Dynamics Statistics \u2014 public domain"
   }
  ]
 },
 "sources": [
  "US Census CBP 2023",
  "BLS OEWS 2024",
  "CareerOneStop licence register 2024",
  "Census BDS 1978-2023",
  "USASpending 2021-2025"
 ],
 "gaps": [
  "licence gate \u2014 the only occupation matched is 'Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics' at 20.27% of this industry's employment, licensed in 4 of 56 jurisdictions. Reported, but too narrow to be read as this industry's barrier to entry.",
  "occupation mix for NAICS 441110 \u2014 the labour statistics carry no rows at this level, so everything about occupations here, including the defining occupation and its licence gate, is measured at NAICS 441100, a broader grouping. Establishment counts are for 441110 itself.",
  "licence coverage \u2014 the register holds 54 of 56 US licensing jurisdictions, and 2,504 of its records carry no jurisdiction at all. A count of 4 is out of 54 searched, not out of 56. The unsearched jurisdictions are not evidence of no licence.",
  "bonding_required_usd \u2014 no producer, and not estimated"
 ],
 "licence": {
  "federal_public_domain": "US Census, BLS and USASpending figures are works of the United States Government, public domain under 17 U.S.C. 105. Freely usable, redistributable and resaleable.",
  "occupational_licences": "Licence data derives from CareerOneStop, sponsored by the US Department of Labor, ETA. Supplied on condition it remains publicly available at no cost and without a log-in.",
  "our_analysis": "Rubrics, scoring, backtests and written analysis are 8th Wave Media LLC. The facts underneath them are not.",
  "not_advice": "Research against public records. Not investment, legal, tax or accounting advice, and no figure here is a prediction about your business."
 },
 "attribution": "RootOptics \u2014 ro.8thwavemedia.com"
}